< content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> Kai Kuck | School of Medicine
Kai Kuck

Kai Kuck, PhD, ME

Languages spoken: English, German, Chinese

Academic Information

Departments Primary - Anesthesiology

Throughout my work, I have been involved in the research and development of innovative medical technologies with a focus on anesthesia and critical care. My areas of focus include cardiorespiratory monitoring, intelligent decision support, and ventilation.

My experience covers the whole range from hands-on engineering for hardware, software, algorithm, and graphical user interface development all the way to managing projects, programs, and large teams of researchers. In my last position I oversaw the research of Dräger, the global market leader in anesthesia equipment and critical care ventilation, Since 2014, in my role as Director of Bioengineering at the University of Utah's Department of Anesthesiology, I have the privilege of working closely with clinicians and learning about real-world needs and opportunities for technologies.

Because transforming healthcare increasingly involves innovations at the system and workflow level, this collaborative approach is essential to creating technologies that address real needs in the clinic.

Research Statement

Throughout my work, I have been involved in the research and development of innovative medical technologies with a focus on anesthesia and critical care. My areas of focus include cardiorespiratory monitoring, intelligent decision support, and ventilation.

My experience covers the whole range from hands-on engineering for hardware, software, algorithm, and graphical user interface development all the way to managing projects, programs, and large teams of researchers. In my last position I oversaw the research of Dräger, the global market leader in anesthesia equipment and critical care ventilation, Since 2014, in my role as Director of Bioengineering at the University of Utah's Department of Anesthesiology, I have the privilege of working closely with clinicians and learning about real-world needs and opportunities for technologies.

Because transforming healthcare increasingly involves innovations at the system and workflow level, this collaborative approach is essential to creating technologies that address real needs in the clinic

Education History

Other Training Babson College Executive Education
University of Utah
 PhD
Graduate Training Hamburg University of Applied Sciences
 ME

Selected Publications

Journal Article

  1. Silverton NA, Lofgren LR, Hall IE, Stoddard GJ, Melendez NP, Tienderen MV, Shumway S, Stringer BJ, Kang WS, Lybbert C, Kuck K (2021). Noninvasive urine oxygen monitoring and the risk of acute kidney injury in cardiac surgery. Anesthesiology, 135(3), 406-418.
  2. Naik BI, Kuck K, Saager L, Kheterpal SDomino KB, Posner KL, Sinha A, Stuart A, Brummett CM, Durieux ME, Vaughn MT, Pace NL, MPOG EOS Investigator Group (2021). Practice Patterns and Variability in Intraoperative Opioid Utilization: A Report from the Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group. Anesth Analg, Online ahead of print.
  3. Morrissey CK, Bledsoe AK, Zimmerman J, Bott SI, Stuart AR, Johnson KB, DeCou JA, Thackeray EM, Kuck K, Chacin AB, Dorsey DP, Chortkoff B, Drennan EL, Smith DW, Jackman CM, Paulsen LF, Egan TD (2021). Reinvention of an academic anaesthesiology department during pandemic times: lessons learnt and adapting to a “new normal”. 27(3), 116-124.
  4. Silverton NA, Hall IE, Melendez NP, Harris B, Harley JS, Parry SR, Lofgren LR, Stoddard GJ, Hoareau GL, Kuck K (2021). Intraoperative Urinary Biomarkers and Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 35(6), 1691-1700. (Read full article)
  5. Feldman JM, Kuck K, Hemmerling T (2021). Black Box, Gray Box, Clear Box? How Well Must We Understand Monitoring Devices? Anesth Analg, 132(6), 1777-1780. (Read full article)
  6. Stringer BJ, Shumway SB, Willden JP, Kuck K (2021). Joint time-frequency analysis of visible laser reflections in a sheep heart. J Biophotonics, e202000464. (Read full article)
  7. Kolbay PR, Orr JA, Kck K (2021). Volatile anesthetic gas concentration sensing using flow sensor fusion for use in Austere settings. J Clin Monit Comput. (Read full article)
  8. Fogarty M, Orr JA, Sakata D, Brewer L, Johnson K, Fang JC, Kuck K (2019). A comparison of ventilation with a non-invasive ventilator versus standard O2 with a nasal cannula for colonoscopy with moderate sedation using propofol. J Clin Monit Comput, 34(6), 1215-1221. (Read full article)
  9. Rubulotta F, Soliman-Aboumarie H, Filbey K, Geldner G, Kuck K, Ganau M, Hemmerling TM (2020). Technologies to Optimize the Care of Severe COVID-19 Patients for Health Care Providers Challenged by Limited Resources. Anesth Analg, 131(2), 351-364.
  10. Fogarty M, Kuck K, Orr J, Sakata D (2019). A comparison of controlled ventilation with a noninvasive ventilator versus traditional mask ventilation. J Clin Monit Comput, 34(4), 771-777. (Read full article)
  11. Stuart AR, Kuck K, Naik BI, Saager L, Pace NL, Domino KB, Posner KL, Alpert SB, Kheterpal S, Sinha AK, Brummett CM, Durieux ME, the MPOG EOS Investigator Group (2020). Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group Enhanced Observation Study Postoperative Pain Profiles, Analgesic Use, and Transition to Chronic Pain and Excessive and Prolonged Opioid Use Patterns Methodology. Anesth Analg, 130(6), 1702-1708. (Read full article)
  12. Li H, Li E, Krishnamurthy D, Kolbay P, Chacin B, Hoehne S, Cybulski J, Brewer L, Petelenz T, Orr J, Sakata D, Clardy T, Kuck K, Prakash M (2020). Utah-Stanford Ventilator (Vent4US): Developing a rapidly scalable ventilator for COVID-19 patients with ARDS.
  13. Burk KM, Sakata DJ, Kuck K, Orr JA (2019). Comparing Nasal End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide Measurement Variation and Agreement While Delivering Pulsed and Continuous Flow Oxygen in Volunteers and Patients. Anesth Analg, 130(3), 715-724. (Read full article)
  14. Burk KM, Kuck K, Orr JA (2019). Evaluation and application of a method for estimating nasal end-tidal O2 fraction while administering supplemental O2. J Clin Monit Comput, 33(6), 1071-1080. (Read full article)
  15. Lamers OA, Kuck K, Okifuji A, Stuart AR, Johnson KB, Rijsdijk M (2019). Opioid-related beliefs and prescription modalities for postoperative pain of Dutch and American physicians. Pain Manag, 9(3), 239-250. (Read full article)
  16. Nourian MM, Kolbay P, Hoehne S, Poursaid AE, Rowley AE, Harris MJ, Kuck K (2018). Investigating Capnography Innovation for Better Patient Monitoring in the Resource Limited Surgical Setting. Surg Innov, 26(1), 124-128. (Read full article)
  17. Kuck K, Baker PD (2017). Perioperative Noninvasive Blood Pressure Monitoring. Anesth Analg, 127(2), 408-411. (Read full article)
  18. Kuck K, Baker PD (2017). Perioperative Noninvasive Blood Pressure Monitoring. Anesth Analg.
  19. Stringer BJ, Shumway SB, Holbrook MD, Copeland CG, Gosch AA, Kck K (2017). Dual-wavelength reflectance spectroscopy of the superior vena cava: A method for placing central venous catheters at the cavoatrial junction. J Biophotonics.
  20. Gorges M, Kuck K, Koch SH, Agutter J, Westenskow DR (2011). A far-view intensive care unit monitoring display enables faster triage. Dimens Crit Care Nurs, 30(4), 206-17.
  21. Gorges M, Westenskow DR, Kuck K, Orr JA (2010). A tool predicting future mean arterial blood pressure values improves the titration of vasoactive drugs. J Clin Monit Comput, 24(3), 223-35.
  22. Haryadi DG, Orr JA, Kuck K, McJames S, Westenskow DR (2000). Partial CO2 rebreathing indirect Fick technique for non-invasive measurement of cardiac output. J Clin Monit Comput, 16(5-6), 361-74. (Read full article)
  23. Baker PD, Westenskow DR, Kck K (1997). Theoretical analysis of non-invasive oscillometric maximum amplitude algorithm for estimating mean blood pressure. Med Biol Eng Comput, 35(3), 271-8. (Read full article)
  24. Narus SP, Kck K, Westenskow DR (1995). Intelligent monitor for an anesthesia breathing circuit. Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care, 96-100. (Read full article)
  25. Farrell RM, Orr JA, Kck K, Westenskow DR (1992). Differential features for a neural network based anesthesia alarm system. Biomed Sci Instrum, 28, 99-104. (Read full article)

Edited Book

  1. Baas J, Brauer U, Dannhorn DR, Hoffmann W, Kuhn M, Kck K, Pfhler W, Porzsolt F, Schmitz-Rode T, Schweins T, Scriba PC, Sthler CF, Wildau HJ, Wrobel WG (Eds.) (Nov 2012). Schlussbericht Nationaler Strategieprozess Innovationen in der Medizintechnik. Berlin, Germany: Lenkungskreis für den Nationalen Strategieprozess»nnovationen für die Medizintechnik.

Book Chapter

  1. Kuck K (2018). Physics: Liquids, Vapors, Gases, and the Gas Laws. In Hemmings HC, Egan TD (Eds.), Pharmacology and Physiology for Anesthesia (2nd Edition, p. 994). Philadelphia: Elsevier.
  2. Kuck K (2018). Physics: Basic Electronics and Electrical Hazards. In Hemmings HC, Egan TD (Eds.), Focus on Physics: Basic Electronics and Electrical Hazards (2nd). Philadelphia: Elsevier.
  3. Stringer B, Kuck K (2018). Physics: Medical Ultrasound. In Hemmings HC, Egan TD (Eds.), Pharmacology and Physiology for Anesthesia (2nd Edition). Philadelphia: Elsevier.
  4. Burk K, Kuck K (2018). Physics: Monitoring Gas Concentrations. In Hemmings HC, Egan TD (Eds.), Pharmacology and Physiology for Anesthesia (2nd Edition). Philadelphia: Elsevier.
  5. Kolbay P, Kuck K (2018). Physics: Fluid Dynamics. In Hemmings HC, Egan TD (Eds.), Pharmacology and Physiology for Anesthesia (2nd Edition). Philadelphia: Elsevier.
  6. Decou JA, Kuck K (2018). Physics:  Invasive and Noninvasive Blood Pressure Measurement. In Hemmings HC, Egan TD (Eds.), Pharmacology and Physiology for Anesthesia (2nd Edition). Philadelphia: Elsevier.
  7. Pulsipher D, Kuck K (2018). Physics:  Regulators, Medical Gas Cylinders, and Pressure Measurement of Gases. In Hemmings HC, Egan TD (Eds.), Pharmacology and Physiology for Anesthesia (2nd Edition). Philadelphia: Elsevier.
  8. Hoehne SD, Kuck K (2018). Physics: Pulse Oximetry. In Hemmings HC, Egan TD (Eds.), Pharmacology and Physiology for Anesthesia (2nd Edition). Philadelphia: Elsevier.
  9. Meyer JU, Kullik G, Wruck N, Kuck K, Manigel J (2008). Advanced technologies and devices for inhalational anesthetic drug dosing. In Schuttler J, Schwilden H (Eds.), Modern Anesthetics, Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology (182, pp. 451-470). Berlin: Springer.
  10. Kuck K, Haryadi DG, Westenskow DR (1997). Application of artificial neural networks in anesthesiology. In Lake CL, Sperry RJ (Eds.), Advances in Anesthesia (15). Chicago: Mosby.

Conference Proceedings

  1. Kairy PD, Farhoudi N, Binder S, Magda JJ, Kuck K, Solzbacher F, Reicher CF (2021). Catheter-mounted smart hydrogel ultrasound resonators for intravenous analyte monitoring. 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). Oct 31st - Nov 4th 2021, (Virtual): IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC).
  2. Hoyer G, Runnels S, Merchant S, Kuck K (2021). Automatic Data Collection System and Video Laryngoscope Database. 27th Annual Fellowship Symposium Utah NASA Space Grant Consortium, 2021, Utah.
  3. Huang JC, Tadler SC, Mickey BJ, Jones K, Kuck K (2021). Predicting Propofol-Induced Burst Suppression Using an Individualized Model-Based Approach Over Repeated Treatments. 27th Annual Fellowship Symposium Utah NASA Space Grant Consortium, 2021, Utah.
  4. Lofgren L, Kck K, Silverton N (2021). Monitoring Acute Kidney Injury Risk with Urine Oxygen Partial Pressure. 27th Annual Fellowship Symposium Utah NASA Space Grant Consortium, 2021, Utah.
  5. Lofgren L, Kuck K, Silverton N (2021). Towards an AKI Monitor: Modeling Urinary Oxygen Changes Through the Urinary Tract. Society for Technology in Anesthesia 2021 Annual Meeting.
  6. Huang JC, Tadler S, Mickey B, Jones K, Kuck K (2021). Approximating the Inter- and Intra-Patient PK/PD of Propofol-Induced Burst Suppression. Society for Technology in Anesthesia 2021 Annual Meeting.
  7. Huang JC, Tadler SC, Mickey BJ, Jones K, Kuck K (2020). A Reinforcement Learning Based Control Approach for Propofol-Induced Burst Suppression. 26th Annual Fellowship Symposium Utah NASA Space Grant Consortium.
  8. Lofgren L, Kck K, Silverton N (2020). Investigating novel biomarkers associated with AKI diagnosis and risk. 26th Annual Fellowship Symposium Utah NASA Space Grant Consortium, Utah.
  9. Hoyer G, Runnels S, Merchant S, Kuck K (2020). Advanced Video Laryngoscope and Automatic Data Collection System. 26th Annual Fellowship Symposium Utah NASA Space Grant Consortium.
  10. Lofgren L, Kuck K, Silverton N (2020). Urinary Oxygen Tension – A New Biomarker for Acute Kidney Injury Risk? Society for Technology in Anesthesia 2020 Annual Meeting, Austin, Texas.
  11. Kolbay P, Orr J, Kck K (2020). Adsorption Characteristics of Isoflurane in Porous Materials. Society for Technology in Anesthesia 2020 Annual Meeting, Austin, Texas.
  12. Kolbay P, Orr J, Kck K (2020). Combined Ultrasonic Sensing for Low-Cost Anesthetic Agent Detection, Concentration Measurement, and Respiratory Monitoring. Society for Technology in Anesthesia 2020 Annual Meeting, Austin, Texas.
  13. Huang JS, Tadler S, Mickey B, Garrison K, Kuck K (2020). PK/PD-Inspired Dosing Approach for Propofol-Induced Burst Suppression. Society for Technology in Anesthesia 2020 Annual Meeting, Austin, Texas.
  14. Kolbay P, Orr J, Kck K (2019). Fusion of Basic Spirometers for Anesthetic Gas Concentration Sensing. Society for Technology in Anesthesia (STA) 2019 Annual Meeting, Scottsdale, Arizona.
  15. Caston RM, Silverton N, Kuck K (2018). Developing an In Vitro Model Measuring Urinary Dissolved Oxygen as a Biomarker for Intraoperative Risk of Kidney Injury. American College of Surgeons 2018 Annual Meeting, Boston MA. J Am Coll Surg, 227(4 (Suppl 2)), E88.
  16. Kolbay P, Orr JO, Kck K (2017). Reducing Volatile Anesthetic Waste Using Activated Charcoal. Society of Technology in Anesthesia 2017 Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA.
  17. Kolbay P, Orr JA, Kck K (2017). Using Differential Pressure to Determine Isoflurane Gas Concentration. Society of Technology in Anesthesia 2017 Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA.
  18. Patrick Kolbay, Joseph A Orr, Kck K (2016). A New Era of Anesthetic Equipment. 22nd AnnualFellowship Symposium Utah NASA Space Grant Consortium, 2016, Orem, Utah.
  19. Patrick Kolbay, Joseph Orr, Kck K (2016). Using Hot Wire Anemometry to Determine Isoflurane Gas Concentration. American Society of Anesthesiologists 2016 Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL.
  20. Kolbay P, Orr J, Kck K (2016). Design and Testing of a Novel Anesthetic Gas Analyzer for use in Low-Resource Areas. October 5-8, 2016. Biomedical Engineering Society (BMES) Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, MN.
  21. Mike Fogarty, Joseph Orr, Kai Kuck, Lara Brewer, Derek Sakata (2015). Simple Ventilation Device for Procedural Sedation, Difficult Intubation in the OR, and Transport. Utah Space Grant 2015 Symposium Proceedings.
  22. Kuck K (2012). Anesthesia and critical care ventilation - The tools of 2020. Technology Time Machine Symposium (TTM), 2012 IEEE DOI: 10.1109/TTM.2012.6509080, Dresden, Germany.
  23. Grges M, Westenskow DR, Kck K, Orr J (2010). Comparison of Nurse and Engineering Student Performance Titrating Sodium-Nitroprusside Using an Advisory System. Proceedings of the 2010 Society for Technology in Anesthesia Annual Meeting, West Palm Beach, FL, West Palm Beach, FL.
  24. Strahle M, Ehlbeck M, Prapavat V, Kuck K, Franz F, Meyer JU (2007). Towards a Service-Oriented Architecture for Interconnecting Medical Devices and Applications. Joint Workshop on High Confidence Medical Devices, Software, and Systems (HCMDSS).

Editorial

  1. Kuck K, Egan TD (2017). Getting the dose right: anaesthetic drug delivery and the posological sweet spot. Br J Anaesth, 119(5), 862-864. (Read full article)
  2. Kuck K, Johnson KB (2017). The Three Laws of Autonomous and Closed-Loop Systems in Anesthesia. Anesth Analg, 124(2), 377-380. (Read full article)

Letter

  1. Orr JA, Kck K, Brewer LM (2003). Noninvasive cardiac output monitor algorithms are more sophisticated and perform better than indicated in modeling paper. [Letter to the editor]. Anesthesiology, 99(6), 1461-2; author reply 1462. (Read full article)
  2. Kck K, Orr JA, Brewer LM (2003). Noninvasive cardiac output performance improved after sufficient stabilization time following decrease of ventilation. [Letter to the editor]. Anesthesiology, 99(6), 1460; author reply 1460-1. (Read full article)

Abstract

  1. Lamers OA, Kuck K, Okifuji A, Johnson K, Stuart A, Rijsdijk M (2018). Opioid-related Beliefs and Prescription Modalities for Postoperative Pain: A Comparison Between Dutch and American Practitioners. [Abstract].
  2. Wise JM, Huang JV, Kuck K, Mickey BJ, Tadler SC (2018). Clinical Effects of Repeated Exposure to High-Dose Propofol [Abstract].
  3. Kolbay P, Orr J, Kck K (2016). Using Hot Wire Anemometry to Determine Isoflurane Gas Concentration [Abstract].
  4. Kolbay P, Orr J, Kck K (2016). Design and Testing of a Novel Anesthetic Gas Analyzer for use in Low-Resource Areas [Abstract].
  5. Kuck K, Pace NL, Parmer A (2015). Noninvasive Blood Pressure Does Not Estimate Invasive Blood Pressure Well in a Retrospective Study of Noncardiac Surgical Cases. [Abstract]. ASA 2015 Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA. A-1049.
  6. Ermer S, Orr J, Kuck K, Brewer, L (2014). Discord in the Definition of Apnea: An Analysis of Apnea Duration in Sedated Volunteers. [Abstract]. Society of Technology in Anesthesia 2014 Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ.
  7. Mersmann S, Kuck K (2006). Optimizing Workflow Processes in Critical Care Through Automation [Abstract]. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing, 20(2), 119-120.
  8. Kuck K, Orr JA, Haryadi DG, McJames S, Westenskow DR (1999). CO2 Production is Not a Good Surrogate Cardiac Output Indicator [Abstract]. Anesthesiology, 91(3A), A550.
  9. Johnson KB, Haryadi DG, Orr JA, McJames S, Kuck K, Westenskow DR (1998). Influence of pulmonary edema on noninvasive measurements of cardiac output using partial CO2 rebreathing in a canine model [Abstract]. Anesthesiology, 89(3A), A535.
  10. Kuck K, Haryadi DG, Orr J, Bailey PL (1998). Evaluation of partial re-breathing cardiac output measurement during surgery [Abstract]. Anesthesiology, 89(3A), A542.
  11. Orr JA, Kuck K, Haryadi DG, Jaffe MB (1998). Clinical validation of a new non-invasive breath to breath Fick method for cardiac output estimation [Abstract]. Anesthesiology.
  12. Lemler J, Kuck K, Haryadi D, Baker PD, Westenskow DR (1996). Variability of the blood-pressure k 'constant' in humans [Abstract]. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing, 12(6), 460-1.
  13. Kuck K, Douglas SC, Westenskow DR (1995). Adaptive cancellation of respiratory noise in esophageal heart sounds [Abstract]. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing, 11(4), 272.
  14. Haryadi DG, Baker PD, Kuck K, Westenskow DR (1995). Effect of arterial compliance on mean arterial blood pressure estimated from the oscillometric maximum amplitude algorithm [Abstract]. Anesthesiology, 83(3 Suppl. A), A486.
  15. Kuck K, Fine PG, Orr JA, Westenskow DR (1994). Anesthesiologists can detect changes in cardiac output from esophageal heart sounds [Abstract]. Anesthesiology, 81(3A), A1296.
  16. Kuck K, Orr JA, Fine PG, Westenskow DR (1993). Neural networks to estimate cardiac output from phonocardiograms [Abstract]. Anesthesiology, 79(3 Suppl. A), A472.
  17. Baker PD, Kuck K, Orr JA, Westenskow DR (1992). Improved thermodilution cardiac output using neural networks [Abstract]. Anesthesiology, 77(3A), A476.
  18. Orr J, Kck K, Farrell RM, Westenskow DR (1991). Neural Network Breathing Circuit Alarms in An Anesthesia Workstation. [Abstract].
  19. Fine PG, Orr JA, Westenskow DR, Kuck K (1991). A neural network for quantification of air embolism. Anesthesiology 1991;75:A465 [Abstract]. Anesthesiology, 75, A465.

Newspaper

  1. Kai Kck (April 2016). Das Potenzial der IT ist kaum ausgeschöpft. Health & Care Management, pp. 60-61.

Other

  1. Chandra S, Kuck K (2015). Evaluation of Elastomeric Pumps for Continuous Peripheral Nerve Blocks. ASA 2015 Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA. Scientific and Educational Exhibits ScEdEx03. S28. San Diego, CA.

Video/Film/CD/Web/Podcast

  1. Prakash M, Harris D, Kuck K (2020). Pufferfish Open Source Ventilator [Web].
  2. Kuck K (2020). A Rapidly Manufacturable, Open-Source Ventilator for Austere Conditions [Web]. University of Utah Health.

Patent

  1. Fogarty M, Orr J, Kuck K (2019). Ventilation Devices And Systems And Methods of Using Same. U.S. Patent No. 62/239,593. Washington, D.C.:U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
  2. Runnels ST, Kuck K (2019). Tracheal intubation procedure monitoring. U.S. Patent No. US201862637152P, US20190290872A1. Washington, D.C.:U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
  3. Kuck K, Chortkoff B (2019). Multi-Sensual Immersive Device And Systems And Methods Of Using Same. U.S. Patent No. US201862613283P, US20190217031A1. Washington, D.C.:U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
  4. Kuck K, Silverton NA, Stringer BJ, Shumway SB, Lofgren L (2018). Catheter assemblies, oxygen-sensing assemblies, and related methods. U.S. Patent No. US20190069831A1, US20200205718A1, US201762555161P, US 16/811,295, WO2021107969A1, PCT/US20/21390,. Washington, D.C.:U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
  5. Kai Kuck, Joseph A. Orr, Patrick R. Kolbay (2016). Systems and Methods for Sensing Inhalational Anesthetic Agents. U.S. Patent No. US20190151584A1. Washington, D.C.:U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
  6. Kai Kück, Cornelia Schrader, Steffen Schmitt, Hans-Ullrich Hansmann (2015). Belt with sensors. U.S. Patent No. US 9039613 B2. Washington, D.C.:U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
  7. Hans-Ullrich Hansmann, Ryszard Kummerfeld, Michael Riecke, Henryk Schnaars, Kai KÜCK (2013). Incubator for neonatal care and method for disinfecting same. U.S. Patent No. WO2013124086 A1 (Application). Washington, D.C.:U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
  8. Kück K, Hansmann HU, Ott D, Mohrmann A, Tröllsch A (2013). Gas measurement system. U.S. Patent No. US20150168307 A1 (Application). Washington, D.C.:U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
  9. Maral Haar, Wilfried Buschke, Frank Franz, Kai Kück, Jörg-Uwe Meyer, Susanne Stahlkopf, Michael Wilkening, Thomas Bouillon, Peter Schumacher, Bela Stetzer (2011). Process and device for monitoring a patient. U.S. Patent No. US7985181 B2, DE102007038915A1, US20080114222. Washington, D.C.:U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
  10. Haar M, Kuck K, et al (2011). Process and device for monitoring a patient. U.S. Patent No. 7,985,181 B2. Washington, D.C.:U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
  11. Frank F, Haar M, Manigel J, Kuck K, Stahlkopf S, Voigt M, Bouillon T, Luginbuhl M, Schumacher P (2011). Process and device for monitoring a patient during anesthesia and for determining the combined effect of a plurality of anesthetics. U.S. Patent No. US7878982B2. Washington, D.C.:U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
  12. Westenskow D, Kuck K, et al (2010). System for Providing Medical Care with real-time instructions and associated methods. U.S. Patent No. 7,774,060 B2. Washington, D.C.:U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
  13. Matthiessen H, Kuck K (2009). Compressed Air Respirator. U.S. Patent No. 7,578,293 B2. Washington, D.C.:U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
  14. Hans-Ullrich Hansmann, Tilman von BLUMENTHAL, Peter Tschuncky, Andreas Hengstenberg, Frank Mett, Uwe Kühn, Frank Franz, Kai Kück, Steffen SCHMITT (2007). Device and method for determining a respiration rate. U.S. Patent No. US8696588 B2. Washington, D.C.:U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
  15. Kück K, Orr JA, Brewer L (2005). Algorithms, systems, and methods for estimating carbon dioxide stores, transforming respiratory gas measurements, and obtaining accurate noninvasive pulmonary capillary blood flow and cardiac output measurements. U.S. Patent No. US7074196B2. Washington, D.C.:U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
  16. Kuck K, Orr J, Brewer L (2004). Noninvasive effective lung volume estimation. U.S. Patent No. US7699788B2. Washington, D.C.:U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
  17. Orr J, Kuck K (2003). Methods for accurately, substantially non-invasively determining pulmonary capillary blood flow, cardiac output, and mixed venous carbon dioxide content. U.S. Patent No. 6,540,689. Washington, D.C.:U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
  18. Orr JA, Kuck K, Brewer L (2002). Rebreathing system including oscillating rebreathing and non-rebreathing periods. U.S. Patent No. EP1372480B1. Washington, D.C.:U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
  19. Haryadi D, Orr J, Kuck K, Jaffe M (2001). Methods of non-invasively estimating intrapulmonary shunt fraction and measuring cardiac output. U.S. Patent No. 6,258,038. Washington, D.C.:U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
  20. Haryadi D, Orr J, Kuck K, Jaffe M (2001). Methods of measuring cardiac output using a non-invasively estimated intrapulmonary shunt fraction. U.S. Patent No. 6,241,681. Washington, D.C.:U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
  21. Orr J, Jaffe M, Kuck K, Haryadi D (2001). Method for compensating for non-metabolic changes in respiratory or blood gas profile parameters. U.S. Patent No. 6,238,351. Washington, D.C.:U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
  22. Orr J, Jaffe M, Kuck K, Haryadi D (2001). Method of continuously, non-invasively monitoring pulmonary capillary blood flow and cardiac output. U.S. Patent No. 6,217,524. Washington, D.C.:U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
  23. Kuck K, Orr J (2001). Bi-directional partial re-breathing method. U.S. Patent No. 6,210,342. Washington, D.C.:U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
  24. Orr J, Jaffe M, Kuck K, Haryadi D (2000). Iso-volumetric method of measuring carbon dioxide elimination. U.S. Patent No. 6,059,732. Washington, D.C.:U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
  25. Haryadi D, Orr J, Kuck K, Jaffe M (2000). Methods of non-invasively estimating intrapulmonary shunt fraction and measuring cardiac output. U.S. Patent No. 6,042,550. Washington, D.C.:U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.