Gwendolyn A. McMillin

Gwendolyn A. McMillin, PhD

Languages spoken: English

Academic Information

Departments Adjunct - Pathology

Academic Office Information

gs11@utah.edu

Board Certification

  • American Board of Clinical Chemistry (Sub: Clinical Chemistry)
  • American Board of Clinical Chemistry (Sub: Toxicological Chemistry)

Dr. McMillin is a Medical Director of the Toxicology and Trace Elements laboratories and Co-Medical Director of Pharmacogenetics at ARUP, as well as a Professor of Pathology at the University of Utah School of Medicine. Dr. McMillin is certified by the American Board of Clinical Chemistry in clinical chemistry and toxicological chemistry.

Education History

Undergraduate Grinnell College
 BA
Doctoral Training University of Utah College of Pharmacy
 PhD
Postdoctoral Fellowship University of Utah School of Medicine
 Postdoctoral Fellow

Selected Publications

Journal Article

  1. Krasowski MD, McMillin GA, Melanson SEF, Dizon A, Magnani B, Snozek CL (2020). Interpretation and Utility of Drug of Abuse Screening Immunoassays: Insights From Laboratory Drug Testing Proficiency Surveys. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine, 144(2), 177-184.
  2. Moyer AM, McMillin GA, Long TA, Gandhi MJ, Mao R, Smock KJ, Halley JG, Weck K (2020). Genotype and Phenotype Concordance for Pharmacogenetic Tests Through Proficiency Survey Testing. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine, 144(9), 1057-1066.
  3. Metz TD, McMillin GA, Silver RM, Allshouse AA, Heard K, Jensen TL, Wymore EM, Stickrath E, Conageski C, Kinney GL, Binswanger I (2021). Quantification of Prenatal Marijuana Use: Evaluation of the Correlation between Self-Report, Serum, Urine and Umbilical Cord Assays among Women Delivering at Two Urban Colorado Hospitals. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 117(1), 172-181.
  4. Marin SJ, McMillin G (2010). LC-MS/MS analysis of 13 benzodiazepines and metabolites in urine, serum, plasma, and meconium. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 603, 89-105.
  5. Lee CC, McMillin GA, Babic N, Melis R, Yeo K (2011). Evaluation of a CYP2C19 genotype panel on the GenMark eSensor® platform and the comparison to the Autogenomics Infiniti¿ and Luminex CYP2C19 panels. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry, 412(11-12), 1133-7.
  6. Juenke JM, Brown PI, Urry FM, McMillin G (2006). Drug monitoring and toxicology: a procedure for the monitoring of oxcarbazepine metabolite by HPLC-UV. Journal of chromatographic science, 44(1), 45-8.
  7. McMillin GA, Juenke JM, Johnson MJ, Dasgupta (2011). Discordant carbamazepine values between two immunoassays: carbamazepine values determined by ADVIA Centaur correlate better with those determined by LC-MS/MS than PETINIA assay. Journal of clinical laboratory analysis, 25(3), 212-6.
  8. Melis R, Mohamed J, Ha Y, Lyon E, McMillin (2019). Postmortem CYP2D6 Genotyping and Copy Number Determinations Using DNA Extracted from Archived FTA Bloodstains. Journal of analytical toxicology, 43(5), 411-414.
  9. Marin SJ, Keith L, Merrell M, McMillin G (2009). Comparison of drugs of abuse detection in meconium by EMIT II and ELISA. Journal of analytical toxicology, 33(3), 148-54.
  10. Okoye NC, McMillin G (2021). Patterns of Neonatal Co-Exposure to Gabapentin and Commonly Abused Drugs Observed in Umbilical Cord Tissue. Journal of analytical toxicology, 45(5), 506-512.
  11. Nelson HA, Wood KE, McMillin GA, Krasowski M (2021). Umbilical Cord Drug Screening in Multiple Births: Experience from a Reference Laboratory and Academic Medical Center. Journal of analytical toxicology, 46, 611-618.
  12. Gage BF, Bass AR, Lin H, Woller SC, Stevens SM, Al-Hammadi N, Anderson JL, Li J, Rodriguez T Jr, Miller JP, McMillin GA, Pendleton RC, Jaffer AK, King CR, Whipple B, Porche-Sorbet R, Napoli L, Merritt K, Thompson AM, Hyun G, Hollomon W, Barrack RL, Nunley RM, Moskowitz G, Dávila-Román V, Eby C (2019). Effect of Low-Intensity vs Standard-Intensity Warfarin Prophylaxis on Venous Thromboembolism or Death Among Patients Undergoing Hip or Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA, 322(9), 834-842.
  13. Juenke JM, Brown PI, Johnson-Davis KL, McMillin G (2011). Simultaneous quantification of levetiracetam and gabapentin in plasma by ultra-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry detection. Therapeutic drug monitoring, 33(2), 209-13.
  14. Smy L, Sadler AJ, McMillin G (2020). Evaluation of Imatinib Concentrations in Samples Submitted for BCR-ABL1 or Imatinib Testing-Evidence to Support Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for Dose Optimization?. Therapeutic drug monitoring, 42(4), 559-564.
  15. McMillin GA, Johnson-Davis KL, Kelly BN, Scott B, Yang Y (2021). Impact of the Opioid Epidemic on Drug Testing. Therapeutic drug monitoring, 43(1), 14-24.
  16. Gaedigk A, Turner A, Everts RE, Scott SA, Aggarwal P, Broeckel U, McMillin GA, Melis R, Boone EC, Pratt VM, Kalman L (2019). Characterization of Reference Materials for Genetic Testing of CYP2D6 Alleles: A GeT-RM Collaborative Project. The Journal of molecular diagnostics, 21(6), 1034-1052.
  17. Do EJ, Lenzini P, Eby CS, Bass AR, McMillin GA, Stevens SM, Woller SC, Pendleton RC, Anderson JL, Proctor P, Nunley RM, Davila-Roman V, Gage B (2012). Genetics informatics trial (GIFT) of warfarin to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT): rationale and study design. The pharmacogenomics journal, 12(5), 417-24.
  18. Khushman M, Patel GK, Maharjan AS, McMillin GA, Nelson C, Hosein P, Singh A (2021). The prevalence and clinical relevance of 2R/2R TYMS genotype in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies treated with fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy regimens. The pharmacogenomics journal, 21(3), 308-317.
  19. Melis R, Lyon E, McMillin G (2006). Determination of CYP2D6, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 genotypes with Tag-It mutation detection assays. Expert review of molecular diagnostics, 6(6), 811-20.
  20. Maharjan AS, McMillin GA, Patel GK, Awan S, Taylor WR, Pai S, Frankel AE, Nelson C, Wang B, Hosein PJ, Singh AP, Khushman (2019). The Prevalence of DPYD*9A(c.85T>C) Genotype and the Genotype-Phenotype Correlation in Patients with Gastrointestinal Malignancies Treated With Fluoropyrimidines: Updated Analysis. Clinical colorectal cancer, 18(3), e280-e286.
  21. Kim K, McMillin GA, Bernard PS, Tantravahi S, Walker BS, Schmidt R (2019). Cost effectiveness of therapeutic drug monitoring for imatinib administration in chronic myeloid leukemia. PloS one, 14(12), e0226552.
  22. Bernard PS, Wooderchak-Donahue W, Wei M, Bray SM, Wood KC, Parikh B, McMillin G (2021). Potential Utility of Pre-Emptive Germline Pharmacogenetics in Breast Cancer. Cancers, 13(6),
  23. Wood KE, McMillin GA, Krasowski M (2019). Risk-Based Newborn Drug Testing in a Setting With a Low Prevalence of Maternal Drug Use. Hospital pediatrics, 9(8), 593-600.
  24. Wu F, Melis R, McMillin GA, Johnson-Davis K (2019). Retrospective Data Analysis of the Influence of Age and Sex on TPMT Activity and Its Phenotype-Genotype Correlation. The journal of applied laboratory medicine, 3(5), 827-838.
  25. Kroner GM, Johnson-Davis KL, Doyle K, McMillin G (2020). Cannabinol (CBN) Cross-Reacts with Two Urine Immunoassays Designed to Detect Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Metabolite. The journal of applied laboratory medicine, 5(3), 569-574.
  26. Yang YK, Johnson-Davis KL, Kelly BN, McMillin G (2020). Demand for Interpretation of a Urine Drug Testing Panel Reflects the Changing Landscape of Clinical Needs; Opportunities for the Laboratory to Provide Added Clinical Value. The journal of applied laboratory medicine, 5(5), 858-868.
  27. McMillin G (2018). Drug Detection in Urine for Evaluating Exposure-No Limits!. The journal of applied laboratory medicine, 2(4), 648-652.
  28. Jannetto PJ, Bratanow NC, Clark WA, Hamill-Ruth RJ, Hammett-Stabler CA, Huestis MA, Kassed CA, McMillin GA, Melanson SE, Langman L (2018). Executive Summary: American Association of Clinical Chemistry Laboratory Medicine Practice Guideline-Using Clinical Laboratory Tests to Monitor Drug Therapy in Pain Management Patients. The journal of applied laboratory medicine, 2(4), 489-526.
  29. McMillin G (2018). Pharmacogenetics of Opioid Use and Implications for Pain Management-Are We Ready?. The journal of applied laboratory medicine, 2(4), 481-484.
  30. Leung EKY, Agolini E, Pei X, Melis R, McMillin GA, Friedman PN, Peterson P, Danahey K, O'Donnell PH, Yeo K (2017). Validation of an Extensive CYP2D6 Assay Panel Based on Invader and TaqMan Copy Number Assays. The journal of applied laboratory medicine, 1(5), 471-482.
  31. Bajaj AO, Kushnir MM, Kish-Trier E, Law RN, Zuromski LM, Molinelli AR, McMillin GA, Johnson-Davis K (2022). LC-MS/MS Method for Measurement of Thiopurine Nucleotides (TN) in Erythrocytes and Association of TN Concentrations With TPMT Enzyme Activity. Frontiers in pharmacology, 13, 836812.
  32. Hunsaker JJH, La'ulu SL, LaGrave D, Murphy W, Reichman HA, Snow TM, McMillin GA, Johnson-Davis KL, Genzen J (2022). Tobacco and Cannabis Use During Pregnancy. American journal of clinical pathology, 157(1), 146-152.
  33. Jensen TL, Wu F, McMillin G (2019). Detection of in utero Exposure to Cannabis in Paired Umbilical Cord Tissue and Meconium by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Clinical mass spectrometry (Del Mar, Calif.), 14 Pt B, 115-123.
  34. Langman LJ, Gaskins J, Korte E, Maluf C, Wooderchak-Donahue WL, McMillin GA, Jannetto PJ, Hartley B, Malkani A, Yakkanti M, Jortani S (2021). Endogenous and iatrogenic sources of variability in response to opioid therapy in Post-Surgical and injured orthopedic patients. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry, 522, 105-113.
  35. Snozek CLH, McMillin GA, Nwosu A, Dizon A, Krasowski M (2023). Nicotine and Tobacco Alkaloid Testing and Challenges: Lessons Learned From a College of American Pathologists Proficiency Testing Survey. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine, 147(6), 634-642.
  36. Bithi N, Merrigan SD, McMillin G (2023). Does Labetalol Trigger False Positive Drug Testing Results?. Journal of addiction medicine, 17(3), e209-e210.
  37. Pandya V, McMillin GA, Young B (2023). Deceptively Simple: Can Urine Samples from CLIA-Waived Urine Drug Screen Devices Be Reused for Confirmatory Testing?. The journal of applied laboratory medicine, 8(2), 341-346.
  38. Pandya V, Wilker C, McMillin G (2023). Can Umbilical Cord and Meconium Results Be Directly Compared? Analytical Approach Matters. Journal of analytical toxicology, 47(1), 96-105.
  39. Marzinke MA, Clarke W, Dietzen DJ, Hoofnagle AN, McMillin GA, Willrich MA (2022). The VALIDity of Laboratory Developed Tests: Leave it to the experts?. Journal of mass spectrometry and advances in the clinical lab, 27, 1-6.
  40. Hughs M, Kish-Trier E, O'Brien A, McMillin G (2023). Analysis of Mitragynine and Speciociliatine in Umbilical Cord by LC-MS-MS for Detecting Prenatal Exposure to Kratom. Journal of analytical toxicology, 46(9), 957-964.
  41. Smid MC, Allshouse AA, McMillin GA, Nunez K, Cavin T, Worden J, Buchi K, Muniyappa B, Varner MW, Cochran G, Metz T (2022). Umbilical Cord Collection and Drug Testing to Estimate Prenatal Substance Exposure in Utah. Obstetrics and gynecology, 140(2), 153-162.
  42. Boyd JM, Kelly BN, McMillin G (2024). Prevalence of Gabapentinoid and Opioid Copositives in a Reference Laboratory Patient Population. The journal of applied laboratory medicine, 9(4), 861-863.
  43. Merrigan SD, Yang YK, McMillin GA, Boyd J (2024). Detection of 41 Drugs and Metabolites in Urine with Internal Hydrolysis Control by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 2737, 229-247.
  44. Hughs ML, McMillin G (2024). 11-Nor-9-Carboxy-¿8-Tetrahydrocannabinol, 7-Carboxy Cannabidiol, and 11-Nor-9-Carboxy-¿9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Urine by LC-MS/MS. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 2737, 161-174.
  45. Metz TD, Allshouse AA, McMillin GA, Greene T, Chung JH, Grobman WA, Haas DM, Mercer BM, Parry S, Reddy UM, Saade GR, Simhan HN, Silver R (2023). Cannabis Exposure and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Related to Placental Function. JAMA, 330(22), 2191-2199.
  46. Baryeh K, Zhou R, Brown E, McMillin GA, Krasowski MD, Johnson-Davis K (2024). Retrospective Data Analysis Reveals Unusual Metabolism Pattern of Ethanol in Pediatrics as Compared to Adult and Geriatric Populations. The journal of applied laboratory medicine,
  47. Watson CJ, McMillin GA, Burns M (2024). False-Negative Confirmatory Testing in Patients With Cannabinoid-Positive Urine Drug Screens. JAMA pediatrics, 178(2), 199-201.

Review

  1. McMillin GA, Morad AW, Boyd JM, Johnson-Davis KL, Metz TD, Smid MC, Krasowski M (2024). Biological Testing and Interpretation of Laboratory Results Associated with Detecting Newborns with Substance Exposure. Clinical chemistry, 70(7), 934-947.

Letter

  1. Metz TD, Allshouse AA, McMillin GA, Silver RM, Smid MC, Haas DM, Simhan HN, Saade GR, Grobman WA, Parry S, Chung JH, Jarlenski M (2022). Association of Cannabis Use With Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy. Obstetrics and gynecology, 140(2), 266-270.