Olutobi Adekunle Sanuade

Olutobi Adekunle Sanuade, PhD

Academic Information

Departments Primary - Population Health Sciences

Academic Office Information

Olutobi.Sanuade@hsc.utah.edu

Research Interests

  • Health Disparities and Equity
  • Public Health
  • Global Health
  • Chronic Disease Epidemiology
  • Hypertension Management and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction
  • Implementation and Dissemination Science
  • Population Health

Dr. Olutobi Sanuade is a health disparities researcher and population health scientist with expertise in implementation science and community-engaged research. He is a new and early-stage Research Assistant Professor in the University of Utah Intermountain Healthcare Department of Population Health Sciences, Division of Health Systems Innovation and Research, in the Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of Utah. His program of research focuses on the study of methods to improve implementation of evidence-based cardiovascular disease prevention, management, and control and to advance health equity in minority and underserved populations.

Research Statement

As a health disparities researcher and population health scientist, my work focuses on the implementation of evidence-based interventions to prevent, manage, and control non-communicable diseases, particularly in minority and underserved populations. My research spans multiple international contexts, including the United States, United Kingdom, Nigeria, and Ghana, where I have led and contributed to significant projects such as the Community Intervention to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease in Chicago (CIRCL-Chicago), the Lancet Nigeria Commission, and the Hypertension Treatment in Nigeria (HTN) Program. Through these efforts, I have developed expertise in implementation science, community-engaged research, and health systems strengthening. My goal is to advance health equity by improving the delivery and effectiveness of non-communicable disease interventions, leveraging interdisciplinary collaborations and innovative methodologies to address the unique needs of diverse populations.

Education History

Postdoctoral Fellowship Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
 Postdoctoral Fellow
Research Fellow University College London
 Research Fellow
Postdoctoral Fellowship University College London
 Postdoctoral Research Fellow
Graduate Training University of Ghana
 PhD
Fellowship Pennsylvania State University
 Visiting Fellow
Graduate Training University of Ghana
 MPhil
Undergraduate University of Ibadan
 BSc

Selected Publications

Journal Article

  1. Baatiema L, Sanuade OA, Kretchy IA, Okoibhole L, Kushitor SB, Haghparast-Bidgoli H, Awuah RB, Amon S, Mensah SK (2024). Implementation of national policies and interventions (WHO Best Buys) for non-communicable disease prevention and control in Ghana: a mixed methods analysis. Health Res Policy Syst, 22(1), 154.
  2. Iyer G, Lazar D, Baldridge AS, Mejia J, Chow CK, Kandula NR, Sanuade OA, Rosul L, Ciolino JD, Huffman MD (2024). Examining the impact of the QUARTET USA trial using the translational science benefits model. J Clin Transl Sci, 8(e187), 1-4.
  3. Baatiema L, Kunfah SMP, Sanuade OA, Allen LN, Abimbola S, de-Graft Aikins A, Koram KA, Kruk ME (2024). To vaccinate or not to vaccinate? Experiences of COVID-19 vaccine uptake among people living with non-communicable diseases in Ghana: A qualitative study. PLOS Glob Public Health, 4(10), e0003820.
  4. Merle JL, Sloss E, Sanuade OA, Lengnick-Hall R, Meza RD, Golden C, Simmons R, Velazquez A, Hill J, Estabrooks P, McFarland M, Rafferty M, Li DH, Smith JD (2024). Refining the Implementation Research Logic Model: A Citation Analysis, User Survey, and Scoping Review Protocol. Front Health Serv, 4.
  5. Amon S, Aikins M, Haghparast-Bidgoli H, Kretchy IA, Arhinful DK, Baatiema L, Awuah RB, Asah-Ayeh V, Sanuade OA, Kushitor SB, Mensah SK, Kushitor MK, Grijalva-Eternod C, Blandford A, Jennings H, Koram K, Antwi P, Gray E, Fottrell E (2024). Household economic burden of type-2 diabetes and hypertension comorbidity care in urban-poor Ghana: a mixed methods study. BMC Health Serv Res, 24(1), 1028. (Read full article)
  6. Baatiema L, Strachan DL, Okoibhole LO, Kretchy IA, Kushitor M, Awuah RB, Sanuade OA, Korleki Danyki E, Amon S, Adjaye-Gbewonyo K, Yacobi H, Vaughan M, Blandford A, Antwi P, Jennings HM, Arhinful DK, de-Graft Aikins A, Fottrell E, Diabetes Team TC (2024). Contextual awareness, response and evaluation (CARE) of diabetes in poor urban communities in Ghana: the CARE diabetes project qualitative study protocol. Glob Health Action, 17(1), 2364498. (Read full article)
  7. Smith JD, Carroll AJ, Sanuade OA, Johnson R, Abramsohn EM, Abbas H, Ahmad FS, Eggleston A, Lazar D, Lindau ST, McHugh M, Mohanty N, Philbin S, Pinkerton EA, Rosul LL, Merle JL, Tedla YG, Walunas TL, Davis P, Kho A (2024). Process of Engaging Community and Scientific Partners in the Development of the CIRCL-Chicago Study Protocol. Ethn Dis, DECIPHeR(Spec Issue), 18-26. (Read full article)
  8. Ye J, Sanuade OA, Hirschhorn LR, Walunas TL, Smith JD, Birkett MA, Baldridge AS, Ojji DB, Huffman MD (2024). Interventions and contextual factors to improve retention in care for patients with hypertension in primary care: Hermeneutic systematic review. Prev Med, 180, 107880. (Read full article)
  9. Lule SA, Kushitor SB, Grijalva-Eternod CS, Adjaye-Gbewonyo K, Sanuade OA, Kushitor MK, Okoibhole L, Baatiema L, Kretchy IA, Arhinful D, de-Graft Aikins A, Koram K, Fottrell E (2024). The contextual awareness, response and evaluation (CARE) diabetes project: study design for a quantitative survey of diabetes prevalence and non-communicable disease risk in Ga Mashie, Accra, Ghana. Glob Health Action, 17(1), 2297513.
  10. Lule SA, Kushitor SB, Grijalva-Eternod CS, Adjaye-Gbewonyo K, Sanuade OA, Kushitor MK, Okoibhole L, Awuah R, Baatiema L, Kretchy IA, Arhinful D, de-Graft Aikins A, Koram K, Fottrell E, CARE Diabetes Team (2024). The contextual awareness, response and evaluation (CARE) diabetes project: study design for a quantitative survey of diabetes prevalence and non-communicable disease risk in Ga Mashie, Accra, Ghana. Glob Health Action, 17(1), 2297513. (Read full article)
  11. Sanuade OA, Jacobson TA, Quintana A, Flowers FM, Abbasi H, Vu MH, Baldridge AS, Mejia J, Lazar D, Ciolino JD, Huffman MD, Kandula NR (2023). Process Evaluation of a Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of a Quadruple Ultra-Low-Dose Treatment for Hypertension Within a Federally Qualified Health Center Network (QUARTET USA). J Am Heart Assoc, 13(1), e032236. (Read full article)
  12. Philbin S, Johnson RE, Pedamallu H, Carroll AJ, Ekong A, Lazar D, Sanuade OA, Mohanty N, McHugh M, Tedla Y, Davis P, Kho A (2023). Planning the implementation of a multilevel blood pressure control intervention in Chicago: Community and clinical perspectives. Ethnicity and Disease. 2023 Dec 1(Special Issue):60-7. Ethn Dis, 60-67.
  13. Carroll AJ, Tedla YG, Padilla R, Jain A, Segovia E, Moin A, Wallace AS, Sanuade OA, Langman CB, Mohanty N, Smith JD (2023). Adherence to the 2017 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Pediatric Hypertension in Safety-Net Clinics. JAMA Netw Open, 6(4), e237043. (Read full article)
  14. Sanuade OA, Ale BM, Baldridge AS, Orji IA, Shedul GL, Ojo TM, Shedul G, Ugwuneji EN, Egenti N, Omitiran K, Okoli R, Eze H, Nwankwo A, Hirschhorn LR, Chopra A, Ye J, Tripathi P, Banigbe B, Kandula NR, Huffman MD, Ojji DB, Hypertension Treatment in Nigeria Program Investigators (2023). Fixed-dose combination therapy-based protocol compared with free pill combination protocol: Results of a cluster randomized trial. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 25(2), 127-136. (Read full article)
  15. Sanuade OA, Alfa V, Yin X, Liu H, Ojo AE, Shedul GL, Ojji DB, Huffman MD, Orji IA, Okoli RCB, Akor B, Ripiye NR, Eze H, Okoro CE, Van Horn L, Tripathi P, Ojo TM, Trieu K, Neal B, Hirschhorn LR (2023). Stakeholder perspectives on Nigeria's national sodium reduction program: Lessons for implementation and scale-up. PLoS One, 18(1), e0280226. (Read full article)
  16. Dalglish SL, Sanuade OA, Topp SM (2023). Medical Dominance in Global Health Institutions as an Obstacle to Equity and Effectiveness Comment on "Power Dynamics Among Health Professionals in Nigeria: A Case Study of the Global Fund Policy Process". Int J Health Policy Manag, 12, 7734. (Read full article)
  17. Shedul G, Sanuade OA, Ugwuneji EN, Ojo TM, Vijay A, Ponzing P, Okpe I, Shedul GL, Huffman MD, Ojji D, Hirschhorn LR (2022). Stakeholder perspectives on the demand and supply factors driving substandard and falsified blood pressure lowering medications in Nigeria: a qualitative study. BMJ Open, 12(12), e063433. (Read full article)
  18. Baldridge AS, Huffman MD, Lazar D, Abbas H, Flowers FM, Quintana A, Jackson A, Khan SS, Chopra A, Vu M, Tripathi P, Jacobson T, Sanuade OA, Kandula NR, Persell SD, Paparello JJ, Rosul LL, Mejia J, Lloyd-Jones DM, Chow CK, Ciolino JD (2022). Efficacy and safety of a quadruple ultra-low-dose treatment for hypertension (QUARTET USA): Rationale and design for a randomized controlled trial. Am Heart J, 254, 183-193. (Read full article)
  19. Baldridge AS, Aluka-Omitiran K, Orji IA, Shedul GL, Ojo TM, Eze H, Shedul G, Ugwuneji EN, Egenti NB, Okoli RCB, Ale BM, Nwankwo A, Osagie S, Ye J, Chopra A, Sanuade OA, Tripathi P, Kandula NR, Hirschhorn LR, Huffman MD, Ojji DB (2022). Hypertension Treatment in Nigeria (HTN) Program: rationale and design for a type 2 hybrid, effectiveness, and implementation interrupted time series trial. Implement Sci Commun, 3(1), 84. (Read full article)
  20. Mensah NA, Sanuade OA, Baatiema L (2022). Perceptions of community members on contextual factors driving cardiovascular disease behavioural risk in Ghana: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 1240. (Read full article)
  21. Ojji D, Nigeria Sodium Study Team (2022). Developing long-term strategies to reduce excess salt consumption in Nigeria. Eur Heart J, 43(13), 1277-1279. (Read full article)
  22. Angell B, Sanuade O, Adetifa IMO, Okeke IN, Adamu AL, Aliyu MH, Ameh EA, Kyari F, Gadanya MA, Mabayoje DA, Yinka-Ogunleye A, Oni T, Jalo RI, Tsiga-Ahmed FI, Dalglish SL, Abimbola S, Colbourn T, Onwujekwe O, Owoaje ET, Aliyu G, Aliyu SH, Archibong B, Ezeh A, Ihekweazu C, Iliyasu Z, Obaro S, Obadare EB, Okonofua F, Pate M, Salako BL, Zanna FH, Glenn S, Walker A, Ezalarab M, Naghavi M, Abubakar I (2022). Population health outcomes in Nigeria compared with other west African countries, 1998-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet, 399(10330), 1117-1129. (Read full article)
  23. Bukhman G, Mocumbi AO, Gupta N, Amuyunzu-Nyamongo M, Echodu M, Gomanju A, Jain Y, Karmacharya B, Kapambwe S, Lulebo A, Makani J, Masiye JK, Mategeko PK, Owino E, NCDI Poverty Network (2021). From a Lancet Commission to the NCDI Poverty Network: reaching the poorest billion through integration science. Lancet, 398(10318), 2217-2220. (Read full article)
  24. Sanuade OA, Kushitor MK, Awuah RB, Asante PY, Agyemang C, de-Graft Aikins A (2021). Lay knowledge of cardiovascular disease and risk factors in three communities in Accra, Ghana: a cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open, 11(12), e049451. (Read full article)
  25. Christian AK, Sanuade OA, Kushitor SB, Kushitor M, Kretchy I, Agyemang C, de-Graft Aikins A (2021). Metabolic syndrome among individuals living with hypertension in Accra, Ghana. PLoS One, 16(10), e0253837. (Read full article)
  26. Baatiema L, Sanuade O, Kuumuori Ganle J, Sumah A, Baatiema L, Sumankuuro J (2020). An ecological approach to understanding stroke experience and access to rehabilitation services in Ghana: A cross-sectional study. Health Soc Care Community, 29(5), e67-e78. (Read full article)
  27. Sanuade OA, Dodoo FN, Koram K, de-Graft Aikins A (2019). Explanatory models of stroke in Ghana: perspectives of stroke survivors and their caregivers. Ethn Health, 26(5), 697-719. (Read full article)
  28. Sanuade OA, Baatiemaa L, Adjaye-Gbewonyo K, de-Graft Aikins AD (2021). Improving stroke care in Ghana: a roundtable discussion with communities, healthcare providers, policymakers and civil society organisations. Ghana Med J, 55(2), 147-51.
  29. Ayettey Anie H, Yarney J, Sanuade O, Awasthi S, Ndanu TA, Parekh AD, Aidoo C, Dadzie MA, Vanderpuye V, Yamoah K (2021). Neoadjuvant or Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Retrospective Analysis of Recurrence and Survival in Women Treated for Breast Cancer at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Ghana. JCO Glob Oncol, 7, 965-975. (Read full article)
  30. Sanuade OA, Baatiema L, Christian AK, Puplampu P (2021). Cardiovascular risk factors among patients with human immunodeficiency viral infection at a tertiary hospital in Ghana: a cross-sectional study. Pan Afr Med J, 38, 317. (Read full article)
  31. Sanuade OA, Ayettey H, Hewlett S, Dedey F, Wu L, Akingbola T, Ogedegbe G, de-Graft Aikins A (2018). Understanding the causes of breast cancer treatment delays at a teaching hospital in Ghana. J Health Psychol, 26(3), 357-366. (Read full article)
  32. Kushitor SB, Sanuade OA, Baatiema L, Kushitor MK, Afrifa-Anane EK, Awuah RB (2021). Non-communicable disease comorbidities in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. S Afr Med J, 111(2), 149-158. (Read full article)
  33. de-Graft Aikins A, Sanuade OA, Baatiema L, Asante PY, Agyei F, Asah-Ayeh V, Okai J, Osei-Tutu A, Koram K (2021). COVID-19, Chronic Conditions and Structural Poverty: A Social Psychological Assessment of the Needs of a Marginalized Community in Accra, Ghana. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 9(2), 577-591.
  34. Fayehun O, Sanuade OA, Ajayi AI, Isiugo-Abanihe U (2020). Ethnicity, sex composition of living children, and unrealized fertility in Nigeria. Popul Stud (Camb), 74(3), 351-361. (Read full article)
  35. Sanuade OA, Awuah RB, Kushitor M (2018). Hypertension awareness, treatment and control in Ghana: a cross-sectional study. Ethn Health, 25(5), 702-716. (Read full article)
  36. Christian AK, Sanuade OA, Okyere MA, Adjaye-Gbewonyo K (2020). Social capital is associated with improved subjective well-being of older adults with chronic non-communicable disease in six low- and middle-income countries. Global Health, 16(1), 2. (Read full article)
  37. deGraft Aikins A, Kushitor M, Kushitor SB, Sanuade O, Asante PY, Sakyi L, Agyei F, Koram K, Ogedegbe G (2020). Building cardiovascular disease competence in an urban poor Ghanaian community: A social psychology of participation approach. J Community Appl Soc Psychol, 30(4), 419-40.
  38. Sanuade OA (2019). Community perceptions on the role of sexual activity on stroke: a qualitative study exploring the views of Ghanaian local community residents. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 717. (Read full article)
  39. Sanuade OA, Dodoo FN, Koram K, de-Graft Aikins A (2019). Prevalence and correlates of stroke among older adults in Ghana: Evidence from the Study on Global AGEing and adult health (SAGE). PLoS One, 14(3), e0212623. (Read full article)
  40. Sanuade O (2018). Understanding the cultural meanings of stroke in the Ghanaian setting: A qualitative study exploring the perspectives of local community residents. Wellcome Open Res, 3, 87. (Read full article)
  41. Sanuade OA, Boatemaa S, Kushitor MK (2018). Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control in Ghanaian population: Evidence from the Ghana demographic and health survey. PLoS One, 13(11), e0205985. (Read full article)
  42. Dedey F, Wu L, Ayettey H, Sanuade OA, Akingbola TS, Hewlett SA, Tayo BO, Cole HV, de-Graft Aikins A, Ogedegbe G, Adanu R (2016). Factors Associated With Waiting Time for Breast Cancer Treatment in a Teaching Hospital in Ghana. Health Educ Behav, 43(4), 420-7. (Read full article)
  43. de-Graft Aikins AD, Kushitor M, Sanuade O, Dakey S, Dovie D, Kwabena-Adade J (2016). Research on Aging in Ghana from the 1950s to 2016: A Bibliography and Commentary. Ghana Studies, 19(1), 173-89.
  44. Badasu DM, Kwankye SO, Sanuade OA, El-Adas A, Atuahene K (2016). Religiosity and Condom Use with Casual Sex Partners in Ghana. Popul Rev, 55(2).
  45. Sanuade OA, Boatemaa S (2015). Caregiver profiles and determinants of caregiving burden in Ghana. Public Health, 129(7), 941-7. (Read full article)
  46. Nyarko Y, Goldfrank L, Ogedegbe G, Soghoian S, de-Graft Aikins A, NYU-UG-KBTH Ghana Ebola Working Group (2015). Preparing for Ebola Virus Disease in West African countries not yet affected: perspectives from Ghanaian health professionals. Global Health, 11, 7. (Read full article)
  47. Ibitoye OG, Sanuade OA, Adebowale AS (2014). Psychological Well-Being of the Elderly in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology, 12(1), 74-85.
  48. Sanuade OA, Anarfi JK, Aikins Ad, Koram KA (2014). Patterns of cardiovascular disease mortality in Ghana: a 5-year review of autopsy cases at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital. Ethn Dis, 24(1), 55-9. (Read full article)

Review

  1. de-Graft Aikins A, Sanuade OA, Agyei F, Bewong AF, Akoi-Jackson F (2024). Applying arts to health interventions and health research in Ghana: a scoping review. [Review]. Arts Health, 1-20.
  2. Baatiema L, Sanuade OA, Allen LN, Abimbola S, Hategeka C, Koram KA, Kruk ME (2023). Health system adaptions to improve care for people living with non-communicable diseases during COVID-19 in low-middle income countries: A scoping review. [Review]. J Glob Health, 13, 06006. (Read full article)
  3. de-Graft Aikins A, Sanuade OA, Baatiema L, Adjaye-Gbewonyo K, Addo J, Agyemang C (2023). How chronic conditions are understood, experienced and managed within African communities in Europe, North America and Australia: A synthesis of qualitative studies. [Review]. PLoS One, 18(2), e0277325.
  4. Kretchy IA, Okoibhole LO, Sanuade OA, Jennings H, Strachan DL, Blandford A, Agyei F, Asante P, Todowede O, Kushitor M, Adjaye-Gbewonyo K, Arhinful D, Baatiema L, Dankyi E, Grijalva-Eternod CS, Fottrell EF, de-Graft Aikins A (2022). Scoping review of community health participatory research projects in Ghana. [Review]. Glob Health Action, 15(1), 2122304. (Read full article)
  5. Abubakar I, Dalglish SL, Angell B, Sanuade O, Abimbola S, Adamu AL, Adetifa IMO, Colbourn T, Ogunlesi AO, Onwujekwe O, Owoaje ET, Okeke IN, Adeyemo A, Aliyu G, Aliyu MH, Aliyu SH, Ameh EA, Archibong B, Ezeh A, Gadanya MA, Ihekweazu C, Ihekweazu V, Iliyasu Z, Kwaku Chiroma A, Mabayoje DA, Nasir Sambo M, Obaro S, Yinka-Ogunleye A, Okonofua F, Oni T, Onyimadu O, Pate MA, Salako BL, Shuaib F, Tsiga-Ahmed F, Zanna FH (2022). The Lancet Nigeria Commission: investing in health and the future of the nation. [Review]. Lancet, 399(10330), 1155-1200. (Read full article)

Book Chapter

  1. Sanuade OA (2021). Chapter 7: Estimating and monitoring the burden of non-communicable and chronic diseases in Ghana. In Vaughan M, Adjaye-Gbewonyo K, Mika M (Eds.), Epidemiological Change and Chronic Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa (pp. 212-230). UCL Press.
  2. Sanuade OA (2019). Socioeconomic Correlates of Overweight and Obesity Among Nigerian Women: Empirical Evidence from 2013 Demographic and Health Survey. In Nwokocha E, Fayehun O (Eds.), Concise Demography of Nigeria (pp. 229-245). Ibadan: BumbleBee Publishing.
  3. de-Graft Aikins A, Sanuade OA, Anie K (2016). Ageing and neurodegenerative diseases in low-and middle-income countries. In de-Graft Aikins A, Agyemang C (Eds.), Chronic Non-communicable Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (pp. 50-67). CABI.
  4. Sanuade OA, Agyemang C (2013). Chapter 2: Stroke in Ghana: A Systematic Literature Review. In de-Graft Aikins A, Agyei-Mensah S, Agyemang C (Eds.), Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases in Ghana: Multidisciplinary Perspectives (pp. 29-38). Ghana: Sub-Saharan Publishers.

Conference Proceedings

  1. Sanuade OA, Jacobson TA, Quintana A, Flowers FM, Abbasi H, Vu MH, Baldridge AS, Mejia J, Lazar D, Ciolino JD, Huffman MD, Kandula NR (2023). Abstract 14501: Process Evaluation of a Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of a Quadruple Ultra-Low-Dose Treatment for Hypertension Within a Federally Qualified Health Center Network (QUARTET USA). American Heart Association, 148(1).
  2. Sanuade OA, Ale BM, Baldridge AS, Orji IA, Shedul GL, Ojo TM, Shedul G, Ugwuneji EN, Egenti N, Omitiran K, Okoli R, Eze H, Nwankwo A, Hirschhorn LR, Chopra A, Ye J, Tripathi P, Banigbe B, MD, Kandula NR, Huffman MD, Ojji DB (2022). Abstract 14501: Process Evaluation of a Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of a Quadruple Ultra-Low-Dose Treatment for Hypertension Within a Federally Qualified Health Center Network (QUARTET USA). American Heart Journal, 254, 30305.

Video/Film/CD/Web/Podcast

  1. Sanuade OA (2019). Improving Stroke Rehabilitation in Ghana [Web]. Chronic Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa Blog. Available: http://www.chronicdiseaseafrica.org/blog/2019/03/05/improving-stroke-rehabilitation-ghana/.
  2. Sanuade OA (2019). New study and event aims to improve stroke rehabilitation [Web]. The Voice. Available: https://www.voice-online.co.uk/article/new-study-event-aims-improve-stroke-rehabilitation.
  3. Sanuade OA (2018). Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control in Ghanaian population [Web]. Chronic Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa Blog. Available: http://www.chronicdiseaseafrica.org/blog/2018/11/09/hypertension-prevalence-awareness-treatment-control-ghanaian-population/.
  4. Sanuade OA (2018). Community perceptions on sexual activity and stroke [Web]. Chronic Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa Blog. Available: http://www.chronicdiseaseafrica.org/blog/2018/10/22/community-perceptions-sexual-activity-stroke/.