Holly M. Frost

Holly M. Frost, MD, PhD, FAAP

Languages spoken: English

Academic Information

Departments Adjunct - Pediatrics

Divisions: Infectious Diseases

Board Certification

  • American Board of Pediatrics (Pediatrics)
  • National Board of Medical Examiners

Education History

Doctoral Training University of Colorado School of Medicine
 PhD
Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Denver Health Sciences Center
 Resident
Professional Medical Medical College of Wisconsin
 MD
Michigan Technological University
 Certificate
Undergraduate Michigan Technological University
 BS

Selected Publications

Journal Article

  1. Frost HM, Stein AB, Keith A, Jenkins TC (2024). Cost-Effectiveness of Pediatric Conjunctivitis Management and Return to Childcare and School Strategies: A Comparative Study. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. (Read full article)
  2. Thomas ET, Perera-Salazar R, Frost HM (2024). The effect of ophthalmic antibiotics on clinical outcomes and transmissibility of conjunctivitis associated with H.influenzae vs other pathogens: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. (Read full article)
  3. Frost HM, Kuo IC (2024). More Than Meets the Red Eye: The Necessity for a National Guideline for Pediatric Conjunctivitis. J Pediatr, 270, 114035. (Read full article)
  4. Frost HM, Keith A, Fletcher DR, Sebastian T, Dominguez SR, Kurtz M, Parker SK, Wilson ML, Jenkins TC (2023). Clinical Outcomes Associated with Amoxicillin Treatment for Acute Otitis Media in Children. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc, 13(3), 203-210. (Read full article)
  5. Linz AM, Frost HM, Kitchner T, Anderson JL, Meece J (2023). Clinical Presentation of Blastomycosis is Associated With Infecting Species, Not Host Genotype. Clin Med Res, 22(1), 6-12. (Read full article)
  6. Jenkins TC, Keith A, Stein AB, Hersh AL, Narayan R, Eggleston A, Rinehart DJ, Patel PK, Walter E, Hargraves IG, Frost HM, DISAPEAR Study Group (2024). Interventions to de-implement unnecessary antibiotic prescribing for ear infections (DISAPEAR Trial): protocol for a cluster-randomized trial. BMC Infect Dis, 24(1), 126. (Read full article)
  7. Simione M, Frost HM, Farrar-Muir H, Luo M, Granadeo J, Torres C, Boudreau AA, Moreland J, Wallace J, Young J, Orav J, Sease K, Hambidge SJ, Taveras EM (2024). Evaluating the Implementation of the Connect for Health Pediatric Weight Management Program. JAMA Netw Open, 7(1), e2352648. (Read full article)
  8. OLeary SC, Frost HM (2023). Does HPV vaccination initiation at age 9, improve HPV initiation and vaccine series completion rates by age 13? Hum Vaccin Immunother, 19(1), 2180971. (Read full article)
  9. ODonnell HK, Rasmussen CG, Dong F, Simmons KM, Steck AK, Frohnert BI, Bautista K, Rewers MJ, Baxter J, ASK Study Group (2023). Anxiety and Risk Perception in Parents of Children Identified by Population Screening as High Risk for Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care, 46(12), 2155-2161. (Read full article)
  10. Keith A, Jenkins TC, OLeary S, Stein AB, Katz SE, Newland J, Rinehart DJ, Gilbert A, Dodd S, Terrill CM, Frost HM (2023). Reducing length of antibiotics for children with ear infections: protocol for a cluster-randomized trial in the USA. J Comp Eff Res, 12(11), e230088. (Read full article)
  11. Frost HM, Jenkins TC, Sebastian T, Parker SK, Keith A, Kurtz M, Fletcher DR, Wilson ML, Dominguez SR (2023). Reliability of nasopharyngeal PCR for the detection of otopathogens in children with uncomplicated acute otitis media compared to culture. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 107(2), 116040. (Read full article)
  12. Smith NR, Simione M, Farrar-Muir H, Granadeno J, Moreland JW, Wallace J, Frost HM, Young J, Craddock C, Sease K, Hambidge SJ, Taveras EM, Levy DE (2023). Costs to Implement a Pediatric Weight Management Program Across 3 Distinct Contexts. Med Care, 61(10), 715-725. (Read full article)
  13. Sebastian T, Durfee J, Wittmer N, Jack J, Keith A, Jenkins TC, Frost HM (2023). Reducing Ophthalmic Antibiotic Use for Non-severe Conjunctivitis in Children. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc, 12(9), 496-503. (Read full article)
  14. Reingold S, Tomcho M, Thomas-Gale T, Haynes C, OLeary S, Warsh S, Rinehart D, Frost H (2023). Survey of Adolescents' and Emerging Adults' Preferences for Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Testing in Primary Care. Sex Transm Dis, 50(5), 320-322. (Read full article)
  15. Sebastian T, Toseef MU, Kurtz M, Frost HM (2023). Nasopharyngeal rapid diagnostic testing to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use and individualize management of acute otitis media. Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol, 3(1), e49. (Read full article)
  16. Frost HM, Wilson ML, Roosevelt GE (2023). Improving Management of Suspected Chlamydia and Gonorrhea in Adolescents with a Rapid Diagnostic Test. Pediatr Qual Saf, 8(1), e634. (Read full article)
  17. Frost HM, Wittmer N, Keith A, Durfee MJ, Jenkins TC (2022). Sustainability of Interventions to Increase Guideline-Concordant Durations of Antibiotic Therapy for Children with Acute Otitis Media. J Pediatr, 253, 292-296.e2. (Read full article)
  18. McGrath LJ, Frost HM, Newland JG, ONeil CA, Sahrmann JM, Ma Y, Butler AM (2022). Utilization of nonguideline concordant antibiotic treatment following acute otitis media in children in the United States. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf, 32(2), 256-265. (Read full article)
  19. Frost HM, Geno Rasmussen C, Shorrosh H, Pyle L, Bautista K, Frohnert BI, Stahl M, Simmons K, Steck AK, Jia X, Yu L, Rewers M (2023). Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Among Healthy Children From Colorado From 2020 to 2021: A Brief Report. J Prim Care Community Health, 14, 21501319231189147. (Read full article)
  20. Frost HM, Bizune D, Gerber JS, Hersh AL, Hicks LA, Tsay SV (2022). Amoxicillin Versus Other Antibiotic Agents for the Treatment of Acute Otitis Media in Children. J Pediatr, 251, 98-104.e5. (Read full article)
  21. Rewers M, Bonifacio E, Ewald D, Geno Rasmussen C, Jia X, Pyle L, Ziegler AG, ASK Study Group and Fr1da Study Group (2022). SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Presymptomatic Type 1 Diabetes Autoimmunity in Children and Adolescents From Colorado, USA, and Bavaria, Germany. JAMA, 328(12), 1252-1255. (Read full article)
  22. Sebastian T, Frost HM (2022). A qualitative evaluation of pediatric conjunctivitis medical decision making and opportunities to improve care. J AAPOS, 26(3), 113.e1-113.e6. (Read full article)
  23. McWhirter L, Lou Y, Reingold S, Warsh S, Thomas-Gale T, Haynes C, Rinehart D, Wendel KA, Frost HM (2022). Rates of Appropriate Treatment and Follow-Up Testing After a Gonorrhea and/or Chlamydia Infection in an Urban Network of Federally Qualified Health Center Systems. Sex Transm Dis, 49(5), 319-324. (Read full article)
  24. Frost HM, Lou Y, Keith A, Byars A, Jenkins TC (2021). Increasing Guideline-Concordant Durations of Antibiotic Therapy for Acute Otitis Media. J Pediatr, 240, 221-227.e9. (Read full article)
  25. Tomcho MM, Lou Y, OLeary SC, Rinehart DJ, Thomas-Gale T, Penny L, Frost HM (2022). Closing the Equity Gap: An Intervention to Improve Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Testing for Adolescents and Young Adults in Primary Care. J Prim Care Community Health, 13, 21501319221131382. (Read full article)
  26. Frost HM, Sebastian T, Durfee J, Jenkins TC (2021). Ophthalmic antibiotic use for acute infectious conjunctivitis in children. J AAPOS, 25(6), 350.e1-350.e7. (Read full article)
  27. Tomcho MM, Lou Y, OLeary SC, Rinehart DJ, Thomas-Gale T, Douglas CM, Wu FJ, Penny L, Federico SG, Frost HM (2021). An Intervention to Improve Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Testing Among Adolescents in Primary Care. Pediatrics, 148(5). (Read full article)
  28. Simione M, Farrar-Muir H, Mini FN, Perkins ME, Luo M, Frost H, Orav EJ, Metlay J, Zai AH, Kistin CJ, Sease K, Hambidge SJ, Taveras EM, Connect for Health Collaborative (2021). Implementation of the Connect for Health pediatric weight management program: study protocol and baseline characteristics. J Comp Eff Res, 10(11), 881-892. (Read full article)
  29. Frost HM, Monti JD, Andersen LM, Norlin C, Bizune DJ, Fleming-Dutra KE, Czaja CA (2021). Improving Delayed Antibiotic Prescribing for Acute Otitis Media. Pediatrics, 147(6). (Read full article)
  30. Douglas CM, OLeary SC, Tomcho MM, Wu FJ, Penny L, Federico SG, Wilson ML, Rinehart DJ, Frost HM (2020). Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Rates Among 12- to 24-Year-Old Patients in an Urban Health System. Sex Transm Dis, 48(3), 161-166. (Read full article)
  31. Frost HM, Keith A, Sebastian T, Jenkins TC (2021). Caregiver perspectives and preferences for acute otitis media management. Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol, 1(1). (Read full article)
  32. Anderson JL, Frost HM, Meece JK (2020). Spontaneous resolution of blastomycosis symptoms caused by B. dermatitidis. Med Mycol Case Rep, 30, 43-45. (Read full article)
  33. Koester TM, Timothy P, Meece JK, Osborn RA, Frost HM (2020). Suspected Neuro-invasive Powassan Virus Infection in a Pediatric Patient. Clin Med Res, 18(2-3), 95-98. (Read full article)
  34. Simione M, Frost HM, Cournoyer R, Mini FN, Cassidy J, Craddock C, Moreland J, Wallace J, Metlay J, Kistin CJ, Sease K, Hambidge SJ, Taveras EM (2020). Engaging stakeholders in the adaptation of the Connect for Health pediatric weight management program for national implementation. Implement Sci Commun, 1, 55. (Read full article)
  35. Frost HM, Becker LF, Knepper BC, Shihadeh KC, Jenkins TC (2020). Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns for Acute Otitis Media for Children 2 Years and Older. J Pediatr, 220, 109-115.e1. (Read full article)
  36. Frost HM, Knepper BC, Shihadeh KC, Jenkins TC (2019). A Novel Approach to Evaluate Antibiotic Utilization Across the Spectrum of Inpatient and Ambulatory Care and Implications for Prioritization of Antibiotic Stewardship Efforts. Clin Infect Dis, 70(8), 1675-1682. (Read full article)
  37. Frost HM, Fritsche TR, Hall MC (2018). Beta-Hemolytic Nongroup A Streptococcal Pharyngitis in Children. J Pediatr, 206, 268-273.e1. (Read full article)
  38. Koester TM, Meece JK, Fritsche TR, Frost HM (2018). Infectious Mononucleosis and Lyme Disease as Confounding Diagnoses: A Report of 2 Cases. Clin Med Res, 16(3-4), 66-68. (Read full article)
  39. Frost HM, McLean HQ, Chow BDW (2018). Variability in Antibiotic Prescribing for Upper Respiratory Illnesses by Provider Specialty. J Pediatr, 203, 76-85.e8. (Read full article)
  40. Schotthoefer AM, Hall MC, Vittala S, Bajwa R, Frost HM (2017). Clinical Presentation and Outcomes of Children With Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc, 7(2), e9-e15. (Read full article)
  41. Thomm AM, Schotthoefer AM, Dupuis AP 2nd, Kramer LD, Frost HM, Fritsche TR, Harrington YA, Knox KK, Kehl SC (2018). Development and Validation of a Serologic Test Panel for Detection of Powassan Virus Infection in U.S. Patients Residing in Regions Where Lyme Disease Is Endemic. mSphere, 3(1). (Read full article)
  42. Mareedu N, Schotthoefer AM, Tompkins J, Hall MC, Fritsche TR, Frost HM (2017). Risk Factors for Severe Infection, Hospitalization, and Prolonged Antimicrobial Therapy in Patients with Babesiosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 97(4), 1218-1225. (Read full article)
  43. Frost HM, Schotthoefer AM, Thomm AM, Dupuis AP 2nd, Kehl SC, Kramer LD, Fritsche TR, Harrington YA, Knox KK (2017). Serologic Evidence of Powassan Virus Infection in Patients with Suspected Lyme Disease(1). Emerg Infect Dis, 23(8), 1384-1388. (Read full article)
  44. Frost HM, Anderson J, Ivacic L, Meece J (2015). Blastomycosis in Children: An Analysis of Clinical, Epidemiologic, and Genetic Features. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc, 6(1), 49-56. (Read full article)
  45. Frost HM, Anderson JL, Ivacic L, Sloss BL, Embil J, Meece JK (2016). Development and validation of a novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel for genetic analysis of Blastomyces spp. and association analysis. BMC Infect Dis, 16(1), 509. (Read full article)
  46. Anderson JL, Meece JK, Hall MC, Frost HM (2016). Evidence of delayed dissemination or re-infection with Blastomyces in two immunocompetent hosts. Med Mycol Case Rep, 13, 9-11. (Read full article)
  47. Frost HM, Novicki TJ (2015). Blastomyces Antigen Detection for Diagnosis and Management of Blastomycosis. J Clin Microbiol, 53(11), 3660-2. (Read full article)
  48. Frost HM, Robinson CC, Dominguez SR (2013). Epidemiology and clinical presentation of parainfluenza type 4 in children: a 3-year comparative study to parainfluenza types 1-3. J Infect Dis, 209(5), 695-702. (Read full article)

Review

  1. Frost HM, Hersh AL, Hyun DY (2023). Next Steps in Ambulatory Stewardship. [Review]. Infect Dis Clin North Am, 37(4), 749-767. (Read full article)
  2. Rinehart DJ, Frost HM, Thomas-Gale T, Depue C, Shlay JC (2022). Progress in the Use of Text-Messaging to Support Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health. [Review]. Acad Pediatr, 23(5), 866-868. (Read full article)
  3. El Feghaly RE, Nedved A, Katz SE, Frost HM (2023). New insights into the treatment of acute otitis media. [Review]. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther, 21(5), 523-534. (Read full article)
  4. Schotthoefer AM, Frost HM (2015). Ecology and Epidemiology of Lyme Borreliosis. [Review]. Clin Lab Med, 35(4), 723-43. (Read full article)

Letter

  1. Frost HM, Hersh AL (2022). Rethinking Our Approach to Management of Acute Otitis Media. [Letter to the editor]. JAMA Pediatr, 176(5), 439-440. (Read full article)
  2. Frost HM, Munsiff SS, Lou Y, Jenkins TC (2021). Simplifying outpatient antibiotic stewardship. [Letter to the editor]. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 43(2), 260-261. (Read full article)
  3. Frost HM, Andersen LM, Fleming-Dutra KE, Norlin C, Czaja CA (2020). Sustaining outpatient antimicrobial stewardship: Do we need to think further outside the box? [Letter to the editor]. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 41(3), 382-384. (Read full article)
  4. Frost HM, Gerber JS, Hersh AL (2019). Antibiotic Recommendations for Acute Otitis Media and Acute Bacterial Sinusitis. [Letter to the editor]. Pediatr Infect Dis J, 38(2), 217. (Read full article)