Grace Lim

Grace Lim, MD, MBA, MSc

Languages spoken: English

Academic Information

Departments Adjunct - Anesthesiology

Board Certification

  • American Board of Anesthesiology
  • National Board of Medical Examiners

Education History

Graduate Training Joseph M. Katz Graduate School of Business, University of Pittsburgh
 MBA
Graduate Training Institute for Clinical Research Education, University of Pittsburgh
 MSc
Postdoctoral Fellowship University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
 Postdoctoral Research Fellow
Fellowship Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
 Fellow
Residency Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
 Resident
Internship Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
 Clinical Internship
Professional Medical University of Missouri
 BA, MD

Selected Publications

Journal Article

  1. Lim G, Carvalho B, George RB, Bateman BT, Brummett CM, Ip VHY, Landau R, Osmundson S, Raymond B, Richebe P, Soens M, Terplan M (2025). Consensus statement on pain management for pregnant patients with opioid use disorder from the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology, Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, and American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 233(4), B1-B29.
  2. Chapa DAN, Lim G, Goldschmidt AB, Hawkins M, Levine MD (2025). Relationships Between Perinatal Physical Activity and Pain During Labor and Postpartum. J Womens Health (Larchmt), 34(9), 1173-1181.
  3. Lim G, Leffert LM (2025). Obstetric Anesthesia at a Crossroads: Reflections on a 40-year Workforce Survey. Anesthesiology, 143(2), 255-257.
  4. Lim G (2025). Opioids, Expectations, and Ethos: A Global Take on Pain Management in Surgery and Pregnancy. Anesthesiology, 142(6), 992-994.
  5. Aloziem OU, Thurston AL, Romeo RC, Bauchat JR, Gopalan P, Smith CT, Lim G (2025). Anesthesiologist Training in Empathetic Communication for Obstetric Emergencies Improves Patient-reported Outcomes. Anesthesiology, 142(4), 761-763.
  6. Park YL, Clifton B, Ashraf R, Barlow R, Anderson A, Altamirano V, Miller E, Neuman M, Lim G (2024). Patient and provider perspectives on pain and other dimensions of anesthesia experience for cesarean delivery: A qualitative study. Res Sq.
  7. Uppal V, Russell R, Sondekoppam RV, Ansari J, Baber Z, Chen Y, DelPizzo K, Dirzu DS, Kalagara H, Kissoon NR, Kranz PG, Leffert L, Lim G, Lobo C, Lucas DN, Moka E, Rodriguez SE, Sehmbi H, Vallejo MC, Volk T, Narouze S (2024). Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines on postdural puncture headache: a consensus report from a multisociety international working group. Reg Anesth Pain Med, 49(7), 471-501.
  8. Neuman MD, Lim G, Dinh C, Clapp JT (2023). Anesthesiologists' Attitudes Toward Randomization to General versus Neuraxial Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery. Anesthesiology, 140(1), 170-172.
  9. Lim G, Lim AJ, Quinn B, Carvalho B, Zakowski M, Lynde GC (2023). Obstetric operating room staffing and operating efficiency using queueing theory. BMC Health Serv Res, 23(1), 1147.
  10. Lilaonitkul M, Cosden CW, Markley JC, Pian-Smith M, Lim G, Yeh P, Aleshi P, Boscardin C, Sullivan K, George RB (2023). Development of obstetric anesthesia core competencies for USA residency programs through a Delphi process. Can J Anaesth, 70(10), 1611-1622.
  11. Shahane A, Zhao W, Pakalapati N, Alshogran OY, Caritis SN, Lim G, Shaik IH, Venkataramanan R (2023). Simultaneous quantitation of ketamine, norketamine and dehydronorketamine in human milk using a novel ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) assay. J Pharm Biomed Anal, 234, 115502.
  12. Uppal V, Russell R, Sondekoppam R, Ansari J, Baber Z, Chen Y, DelPizzo K, Drzu DS, Kalagara H, Kissoon NR, Kranz PG, Leffert L, Lim G, Lobo CA, Lucas DN, Moka E, Rodriguez SE, Sehmbi H, Vallejo MC, Volk T, Narouze S (2023). Consensus Practice Guidelines on Postdural Puncture Headache From a Multisociety, International Working Group: A Summary Report. JAMA Netw Open, 6(8), e2325387.
  13. Ibarra AJ, Butters MA, Lim G, Jeyabalan A, Li R, Balasubramani GK, Catov JM (2023). Longitudinal cognitive evaluation before and after delivery among people with preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM, 5(7), 100966.
  14. Nowakowski E, Dayananda S, Morgan M, Jarvis O, Altamirano V, LaSorda KR, Krans E, Lim G (2023). Obstetric pain management for pregnant women with opioid use disorder: A qualitative and quantitative comparison of patient and provider perspectives (QUEST study). Addiction, 118(6), 1093-1104.
  15. Rajabaliev E, LaSorda K, Ibarra A, Kenkre T, Levine MD, Lim G (2022). Association between labor and delivery pain and postpartum pain with symptoms and clinical diagnosis of postpartum depression in patients with overweight and obesity. Arch Gynecol Obstet, 307(5), 1441-1449.
  16. Nicholas A, Countouris M, Jeyabalan A, Lim G (2023). A Case Series of Parturients With Mechanical Mitral Valves: Anticoagulation Management During Labor and Delivery. JACC Case Rep, 9, 101741.
  17. Lim G, LaSorda KR, Krans E, Rosario BL, Wong CA, Caritis S (2022). Associations between postpartum pain type, pain intensity and opioid use in patients with and without opioid use disorder: a cross-sectional study. Br J Anaesth, 130(1), 94-102.
  18. Im M, Riley ET, Hoang D, Lim G, Zakowski M, Carvalho B (2022). Obstetric Anesthesia Procedure-Based Workload and Facility Utilization of Society of Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology Centers of Excellence Designated Institutions. Anesth Analg, 135(6), 1142-1150.
  19. Lim G, Soens M, Wanaselja A, Chyan A, Carvalho B, Landau R, George RB, Klem ML, Osmundson SS, Krans EE, Terplan M, Bateman BT (2022). A Systematic Scoping Review of Peridelivery Pain Management for Pregnant People With Opioid Use Disorder: From the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology and Society for Maternal Fetal Medicine. Anesth Analg, 135(5), 912-925.
  20. Palleschi GT, Gerasimov M, Blitz MJ, Aronsohn JL, Shore-Lesserson L, Ruggiero A, Lim G, Habib AS (2022). Respiratory depression after administration of single-dose neuraxial morphine for post-cesarean delivery analgesia: a retrospective cohort study. Int J Obstet Anesth, 52, 103592.
  21. Makeen M, Farrell LM, LaSorda KR, Deng Y, Altamirano V, Jarvis O, Kenkre T, Lim G (2022). Associations between postpartum pain, mood, and maternal-infant attachment and parenting outcomes. Sci Rep, 12(1), 17814.
  22. Sultan P, George R, Weiniger CF, El-Boghdadly K, Pandal P, Carvalho B, CRADLE Study Investigators (2022). Expert Consensus Regarding Core Outcomes for Enhanced Recovery after Cesarean Delivery Studies: A Delphi Study. Anesthesiology, 137(2), 201-211.
  23. Sultan P, Ando K, Elkhateb R, George RB, Lim G, Carvalho B, Chitneni A, Kawai R, Tulipan T, Blake L, Coker J, OCarroll J (2022). Assessment of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Maternal Postpartum Depression Using the Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments Guideline: A Systematic Review. JAMA Netw Open, 5(6), e2214885.
  24. Petty K, Lim G (2022). Epideral analgesia and neonatal fever. J Pediatr, 244, 250-254.
  25. Lim G, Nowakowski E, LaSorda KR, Altamirano V, Morgan M, Makeen M, Beck S, Krans E, Chelly JE (2022). NSS-Bridge Device for Post-Cesarean Delivery Analgesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Obstet Gynecol Res, 5(3), 210-218.
  26. Gannon JM, Gopalan P, Solai LK, Lim G, Phillips JM, Beck S, Moses-Kolko E, Miller D, Chengappa KNR (2021). ECT for a pregnant patient with bipolar disorder in the COVID-19 Era: A clinical conundrum. Bipolar Disord, 23(5), 524-527.
  27. Kroh SJ, Lim G (2021). Perinatal depression. Int Anesthesiol Clin, 59(3), 45-51.
  28. Nguyen E, Lim G, Ding H, Hachisuka J, Ko MC, Ross SE (2020). Morphine acts on spinal dynorphin neurons to cause itch through disinhibition. Sci Transl Med, 13(579).
  29. Lim G, LaSorda KR, Farrell LM, McCarthy AM, Facco F, Wasan AD (2020). Obstetric pain correlates with postpartum depression symptoms: a pilot prospective observational study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 20(1), 240.
  30. Silverstein RG, Centore M, Pollack A, Barrieau G, Gopalan P, Lim G (2018). Postpartum psychological distress after emergency team response during childbirth. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol, 40(4), 304-310.
  31. Xu W, Smith CT, Binstock A, Lim G (2019). Maternal Mirror Syndrome Masquerading as Congestive Heart Failure: A Case Report. A A Pract, 12(11), 447-451.
  32. Brinser ME, Seng DL, Mandell GL, Waters J, Dalby PL, Lim G (2018). Neuraxial morphine after unintentional dural puncture is not associated with reduced postdural puncture headache in obstetric patients. J Clin Anesth, 52, 58-62.
  33. McClain L, Farrell L, LaSorda K, Pan LA, Peters D, Lim G (2019). Genetic associations of perinatal pain and depression. Mol Pain, 15, 1744806919882139.
  34. Lim G, Kotsis E, Zorn JM, Dalby PL, Ralph CJ, Waters JH (2017). Cell salvage for postpartum haemorrhage during vaginal delivery: a case series. Blood Transfus, 16(6), 498-501.
  35. Lim G, Farrell LM, Facco FL, Gold MS, Wasan AD (2017). Labor Analgesia as a Predictor for Reduced Postpartum Depression Scores: A Retrospective Observational Study. Anesth Analg, 126(5), 1598-1605.
  36. Hubbard RM, Choudhury KM, Lim G (2018). Treatment Patterns and Clinical Outcomes in Neonates Diagnosed With Respiratory Distress Syndrome in a Low-Income Country: A Report From Bangladesh. Anesth Analg, 126(5), 1684-1686.
  37. Lim G, Melnyk V, Facco FL, Waters JH, Smith KJ (2017). Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Intraoperative Cell Salvage for Obstetric Hemorrhage. Anesthesiology, 128(2), 328-337.
  38. Belfer I, Pollock NI, Martin JL, Lim KG, De La Cruz C, Van Londen G, Nunziato-Virga SR, Stranieri K, Brufsky AM, Wang H (2017). Effect of gastroretentive gabapentin (Gralise) on postmastectomy pain syndrome: a proof-of-principle open-label study. Pain Rep, 2(3), e596.
  39. Lim G, Horowitz JM, Berggruen S, Ernst LM, Linn RL, Hewlett B, Kim J, Chalifoux LA, McCarthy RJ (2016). Correlation of probability scores of placenta accreta on magnetic resonance imaging with hemorrhagic morbidity. J Clin Anesth, 34, 261-9.
  40. Lim G, Zorn JM, Dong YJ, DeRenzo JS, Waters JH (2016). Subdural Hematoma Associated With Labor Epidural Analgesia: A Case Series. Reg Anesth Pain Med, 41(5), 628-31.
  41. Lim G, Krohner RG, Metro DG, Rosario BL, Jeong JH, Sakai T (2016). Low-Fidelity Haptic Simulation Versus Mental Imagery Training for Epidural Anesthesia Technical Achievement in Novice Anesthesiology Residents: A Randomized Comparative Study. Anesth Analg, 122(5), 1516-23.
  42. Linn RL, Miller ES, Lim G, Ernst LM (2015). Adherent basal plate myometrial fibers in the delivered placenta as a risk factor for development of subsequent placenta accreta. Placenta, 36(12), 1419-24.

Review

  1. Lim G, Carvalho B, George RB, Bateman BT, Brummett CM, Ip VHY, Landau R, Osmundson SS, Raymond B, Richebe P, Soens M, Terplan M (2024). Consensus Statement on Pain Management for Pregnant Patients with Opioid-Use Disorder from the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology, Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, and American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine. [Review]. Anesth Analg, 140(6), 1318-1346.
  2. Seifert SM, Matthews L, Tsen LC, Lim G (2024). Maternal-Fetal Conflicts in Anesthesia Practice. [Review]. Anesthesiol Clin, 42(3), 491-502.
  3. Ibarra AJ, Roman K, Nguyen E, Yates ME, Nicholas A, Lim G (2023). Translational research updates in female health anesthesiology: a narrative review. [Review]. Ann Transl Med, 11(10), 357.
  4. Matthews L, Lim G (2023). Analgesia in Pregnancy. [Review]. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am, 50(1), 151-161.
  5. Sanjanwala AR, Lim G, Krans EE (2023). Opioids and Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnancy. [Review]. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am, 50(1), 229-240.
  6. Lim G (2022). What Is New in Obstetric Anesthesia: The 2021 Gerard W. Ostheimer Lecture. [Review]. Anesth Analg, 136(2), 387-396.
  7. Lim G (2022). What is new in Obstetric Anesthesia in 2020: a focus on research priorities for maternal morbidity, mortality, and postpartum health. [Review]. Int J Obstet Anesth, 51, 103568.
  8. Nguyen E, Lim G, Ross SE (2021). Evaluation of Therapies for Peripheral and Neuraxial Opioid-induced Pruritus based on Molecular and Cellular Discoveries. [Review]. Anesthesiology, 135(2), 350-365.
  9. Lim G (2021). Perinatal depression. [Review]. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol, 34(3), 233-237.
  10. Bollag L, Lim G, Sultan P, Habib AS, Landau R, Zakowski M, Tiouririne M, Bhambhani S, Carvalho B (2020). Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology: Consensus Statement and Recommendations for Enhanced Recovery After Cesarean. [Review]. Anesth Analg, 132(5), 1362-1377.
  11. Yin W, Jung F, Adams D, Konig G, Romeo RC, Lim G (2021). Case Report of Remifentanil Labor Analgesia for a Pregnant Patient With Congenital Methemoglobinemia Type 1. [Review]. A A Pract, 15(1), e01373.
  12. Mitchell KD, Smith CT, Mechling C, Wessel CB, Orebaugh S, Lim G (2019). A review of peripheral nerve blocks for cesarean delivery analgesia. [Review]. Reg Anesth Pain Med.
  13. Lim G, Facco FL, Nathan N, Waters JH, Wong CA, Eltzschig HK (2018). A Review of the Impact of Obstetric Anesthesia on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes. [Review]. Anesthesiology, 129(1), 192-215.
  14. Lim G, McIvor WR (2015). Simulation-based Anesthesiology Education for Medical Students. [Review]. Int Anesthesiol Clin, 53(4), 1-22.

Editorial

  1. Smith CT, Arnolds DE, Lim G (2021). Tranexamic acid for obstetric hemorrhage: Prophylaxis, treatment, both, neither? Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med, 40(5), 100953.
  2. Lim G, Levine MD, Mascha EJ, Wasan AD (2020). Labor Pain, Analgesia, and Postpartum Depression: Are We Asking the Right Questions? Anesth Analg, 130(3), 610-614.

Letter

  1. Ende HB, Habib AS, Lim G, Landau R, Beilin Y, Wong CA (2024). Behavioural disorders after prenatal exposure to anaesthesia for maternal surgery: is it the anaesthesia or the surgery? Comment on Br J Anaesth 2024; 132: 899-910. [Letter to the editor]. Br J Anaesth, 133(3), 682-683.
  2. Lim G, Xue L, Donohue JM, Junker S, Wilson JD, Suffoletto B, Lynch MJ, Pacella-LaBarbara ML, Chang CH, Krans E, Jarlenski M (2024). Associations between acute pain after vaginal delivery and postpartum opioid prescription fills: a retrospective case-controlled study. [Letter to the editor]. Br J Anaesth, 132(5), 978-981.
  3. Tyler Smith C, Petty K, Derenzo J, Romeo R, Lim G (2022). Quality assurance methods to reduce general anesthesia rates in cesarean delivery. [Letter to the editor]. Int J Obstet Anesth, 51, 103564.
  4. Nguyen E, Lim G, Ross SE (2021). Mechanistic insights into spinal neurones involved in neuraxial opioid-induced pruritus. [Letter to the editor]. Br J Anaesth, 126(5), e179-e181.
  5. Vernon TJ, Vogel TM, Dalby PL, Mandell G, Lim G (2019). Ultrasound-assisted epidural labor analgesia for landmark identification in morbidly obese pregnant women: A preliminary investigation. [Letter to the editor]. J Clin Anesth, 59, 53-54.
  6. Lim G, LaSorda KR, Monroe AL, Chelly JE (2019). Auricular percutaneous nerve field stimulator device as alternative therapy for Cesarean delivery analgesia: proof of concept. [Letter to the editor]. Can J Anaesth, 66(12), 1522-1523.
  7. Lim G, Lim M, Horowitz JM (2019). Magnetic resonance imaging for placenta accreta: hope for the future. [Letter to the editor]. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 221(5), 536-537.
  8. Lim G (2018). Labor Pain's Relationship With Depression: From Whence, and What Shall be Done? [Letter to the editor]. Anesth Analg, 128(1), e9.
  9. Lim G, Landsittel DP (2016). Effectiveness versus Efficacy of Calabadion and Sugammadex for Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blocking Agent Reversal. [Letter to the editor]. Anesthesiology, 124(6), 1417.
  10. Lim G, Chelly JE (2015). More Research Is Required to Demonstrate a Relationship Between Intrapartum Pain Management and Postpartum Mood Disorders. [Letter to the editor]. Anesth Analg, 121(2), 575.